Activity coefficient of manganese in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic at 320–580 °C

Aleksandr Tsybanev; Alessandro Marino; Jun Lim; Kristof Gladinez; Nele Moelans

doi:10.1016/j.pnucene.2025.105886

Activity coefficient of manganese in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic at 320–580 °C

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Abstract

This paper investigated the activity coefficient of manganese (Mn) in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) at 320–580 °C by measuring the equilibrium oxygen activity in Mn_(lbe)/MnO equilibrium. At known Mn concentrations, a potentiometric oxygen sensor measured the activity of dissolved oxygen in a stagnant LBE batch during repeated thermal cycling. Combining the thermodynamic data of MnO from the literature with the measurements, the temperature dependence of the activity coefficient of Mn in LBE was derived to follow log₁₀ ɣ (1/wt.%) = (3.32 ± 0.02) – (4.00 ± 0.02) · 10⁻³ T (K) for 320–580 °C. The activity coefficient of Mn in LBE deviates from the expected trend, which might be explained by short-range ordering or the formation of so-called “associates” in the LBE. This deviation is similar to the behavior of the activity coefficient of Ni in LBE observed in our previous study. Finally, based on the thermodynamic data of Bi-Mn intermetallics from literature, we derived the solubility of Mn in LBE.

Original language	English
Article number	105886
Number of pages	7
Journal	Progress in Nuclear Energy
Volume	188
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnucene.2025.105886
State	Published - Oct 2025

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Nuclear Energy and Engineering
Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality
Energy Engineering and Power Technology
Waste Management and Disposal

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10.1016/j.pnucene.2025.105886

Cite this

@article{b47e115df2314032a199bc4b59922fe3,

title = "Activity coefficient of manganese in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic at 320–580 °C",

abstract = "This paper investigated the activity coefficient of manganese (Mn) in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) at 320–580 °C by measuring the equilibrium oxygen activity in Mn(lbe)/MnO equilibrium. At known Mn concentrations, a potentiometric oxygen sensor measured the activity of dissolved oxygen in a stagnant LBE batch during repeated thermal cycling. Combining the thermodynamic data of MnO from the literature with the measurements, the temperature dependence of the activity coefficient of Mn in LBE was derived to follow log10 ɣ (1/wt.\%) = (3.32 ± 0.02) – (4.00 ± 0.02) · 10−3 T (K) for 320–580 °C. The activity coefficient of Mn in LBE deviates from the expected trend, which might be explained by short-range ordering or the formation of so-called “associates” in the LBE. This deviation is similar to the behavior of the activity coefficient of Ni in LBE observed in our previous study. Finally, based on the thermodynamic data of Bi-Mn intermetallics from literature, we derived the solubility of Mn in LBE.",

keywords = "Activity coefficient, Associated solution model, Lead-bismuth eutectic, Manganese, Thermodynamics",

author = "Aleksandr Tsybanev and Alessandro Marino and Jun Lim and Kristof Gladinez and Nele Moelans",

note = "Score=10 Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2025 Elsevier Ltd",

year = "2025",

month = oct,

doi = "10.1016/j.pnucene.2025.105886",

language = "English",

volume = "188",

journal = "Progress in Nuclear Energy",

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TY - JOUR

T1 - Activity coefficient of manganese in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic at 320–580 °C

AU - Tsybanev, Aleksandr

AU - Marino, Alessandro

AU - Lim, Jun

AU - Gladinez, Kristof

AU - Moelans, Nele

PY - 2025/10

Y1 - 2025/10

N2 - This paper investigated the activity coefficient of manganese (Mn) in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) at 320–580 °C by measuring the equilibrium oxygen activity in Mn(lbe)/MnO equilibrium. At known Mn concentrations, a potentiometric oxygen sensor measured the activity of dissolved oxygen in a stagnant LBE batch during repeated thermal cycling. Combining the thermodynamic data of MnO from the literature with the measurements, the temperature dependence of the activity coefficient of Mn in LBE was derived to follow log10 ɣ (1/wt.%) = (3.32 ± 0.02) – (4.00 ± 0.02) · 10−3 T (K) for 320–580 °C. The activity coefficient of Mn in LBE deviates from the expected trend, which might be explained by short-range ordering or the formation of so-called “associates” in the LBE. This deviation is similar to the behavior of the activity coefficient of Ni in LBE observed in our previous study. Finally, based on the thermodynamic data of Bi-Mn intermetallics from literature, we derived the solubility of Mn in LBE.

AB - This paper investigated the activity coefficient of manganese (Mn) in liquid lead-bismuth eutectic (LBE) at 320–580 °C by measuring the equilibrium oxygen activity in Mn(lbe)/MnO equilibrium. At known Mn concentrations, a potentiometric oxygen sensor measured the activity of dissolved oxygen in a stagnant LBE batch during repeated thermal cycling. Combining the thermodynamic data of MnO from the literature with the measurements, the temperature dependence of the activity coefficient of Mn in LBE was derived to follow log10 ɣ (1/wt.%) = (3.32 ± 0.02) – (4.00 ± 0.02) · 10−3 T (K) for 320–580 °C. The activity coefficient of Mn in LBE deviates from the expected trend, which might be explained by short-range ordering or the formation of so-called “associates” in the LBE. This deviation is similar to the behavior of the activity coefficient of Ni in LBE observed in our previous study. Finally, based on the thermodynamic data of Bi-Mn intermetallics from literature, we derived the solubility of Mn in LBE.

KW - Activity coefficient

KW - Associated solution model

KW - Lead-bismuth eutectic

KW - Manganese

KW - Thermodynamics

UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/105008334665

U2 - 10.1016/j.pnucene.2025.105886

DO - 10.1016/j.pnucene.2025.105886

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:105008334665

SN - 0149-1970

VL - 188

JO - Progress in Nuclear Energy

JF - Progress in Nuclear Energy

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