Chemical Marine Monitoring - Trace Elements

Wide- scale chemical monitoring programmes are required by international conventions and European Union policies such as the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) and the new EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). This entails all waters, including transitional and coastal waters, sediments and biota. The final volume in the Water Quality Measurement Serieshighlights policy frameworks and analytical trends with an emphasis on laboratory methods and quality control. Within this comprehensive text, the following sections are included: •Setting the Scene; monitoring of pollutants •Policy Settings; international conventions and EU marine strategy •Marine monitored parameters; trace elements, chemical species, organic micropollutants, and nutrients •Types of monitoring; classical chemical monitoring, biomonitoring and in-situ methods •Quality assurance; certified reference materials for marine monitoring •Research and developments; the role of sediments in coastal monitoring, and passive sampling technologies