@article{4539922628a543ac81bd5a63a0002c33,
title = "History of corrosion studies on container materials for the final disposal of VHLW and SF conducted in Belgium",
abstract = "In Belgium, an extensive corrosion program on a wide range of metals has been studied as candidate container material, which is considered in the geological disposal concept of high-level radioactive waste or spent fuel. This paper presents an overview of the corrosion studies initiated by SCK CEN more than 40 years ago. The experiments conducted in these studies were conceived based on early disposal designs, that is, designs in which the radioactive waste was to be enclosed in a metallic overpack that would be directly emplaced in an argillaceous environment. A step-wise approach was adopted consisting of laboratory screening studies, detailed studies, and demonstration tests. The screening studies included accelerated tests, conducted in a surface laboratory, and exposure tests carried out either in autoclaves or in the field in a surface clay quarry. The detailed studies involved both in situ and laboratory experiments. Gradually, the emphasis shifted from basic research to large-scale integrated demonstration experiments enabling the simultaneous study of different parameters and/or processes and their coupling.",
keywords = "Anaerobic, Carbon steel, Clay, Ni alloys, Pitting corrosion, Stainless steel, Stress corrosion cracking, Ti alloys, Uniform corrosion, stainless steel, uniform corrosion, pitting corrosion, carbon steel, clay, anaerobic, stress corrosion cracking",
author = "Bruno Kursten and Roberto Gaggiano and S{\'e}bastien Caes and {De Souza}, Valdir",
note = "Funding Information: The corrosion program on various candidate overpack materials and construction materials of galleries and boreholes considered in the final disposal of vitrified HLW and SF was initiated by the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN) in the mid-1970s. Later, these studies fell under the supervision of the Belgian radioactive waste management organization (ONDRAF/NIRAS). The work presented in this paper was entirely cofinanced by ONDRAF/NIRAS and the European Commission (EC) via various shared-cost contracts. Funding Information: An extensive corrosion program on various candidate overpack materials and construction materials for galleries and boreholes considered in the final disposal of VHLW and SF was initiated by the Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK CEN) in the mid‐1970s. This program received the financial support of ONDRAF/NIRAS and the European Commission (EC). The main aim of this long‐term program was to evaluate the corrosion resistance characteristics of the studied metallic materials in the various environmental conditions that can exist during deep underground disposal in clay. A step‐wise approach was adopted, consisting of (1) laboratory screening studies, (2) detailed studies, and (3) demonstration tests. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.",
year = "2023",
month = nov,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1002/maco.202213717",
language = "English",
volume = "74",
pages = "1587--1618",
journal = "Materials and Corrosion",
issn = "0947-5117",
publisher = "Wiley-VCH Verlag",
number = "11-12",
}