Innovation in Nuclear Energy Technology

In this study, innovation is defined by describing its output as a new or significantly improved product (or process), bringing economic and/or social benefits by being introduced to the market (or by being used within an enterprise). Innovation encompasses a whole series of activities - basic research, development, demonstration, early deployment, and widespread dissemination - that result in a new or significantly improved product up to its introduction to the market and, thus, needing substantially more effort beyond R&D. The objects of this study are innovation systems necessary to achieve innovation in nuclear energy systems. These innovation systems comprise actors of innovation (government bodies, R&D performers, system/service suppliers, energy providers) and their relationships, institutional frameworks, innovation infrastructure, management practices, nuclear legal framework, etc.