TY - JOUR
T1 - Irradiation at Ultra-high (FLASH) Dose Rates Reduces Acute Normal Tissue Toxicity in the Mouse Gastrointestinal System
AU - Ruan, Jia-Ling
AU - Lee, Carl
AU - Wouters, Shari
AU - Tullis, Iain D.C.
AU - Verslegers, Mieke
AU - Ahmed, Mohamed Mysara
AU - Then, Chee Kin
AU - Smart, Sean C.
AU - Hill, Mark A.
AU - Muschel, Ruth J.
AU - Giaccia, Amato J.
AU - Vojnovic, Borivoj
AU - Kiltie, Anne E.
AU - Petersson, Kristoffer
N1 - Score=10
PY - 2021/12/1
Y1 - 2021/12/1
N2 - Purpose: Preclinical studies usingultra-high dose rate (FLASH) irradiationhave demonstratedreducednormal tissue toxicity comparedwith conventional dose rate (CONV) irradiation, although this findingis not universal. We investigatedthe effect of temporal pulse structure andaverage dose rate ofFLASH comparedwith CONV irradiationonacute intestinal toxicity.
Materials and Methods: Whole abdomens ofC3Hmice were irradiatedwith a single fractionto various doses,usinga 6MeV electronlinearacceleratorwith single pulse FLASH (dose rate = 2-6 £ 106 Gy/s) orconventional (CONV;0.25Gy/s) irradiation. At 3.75 days postirradiation, fresh feces were collectedfor16S rRNA sequencing to assess changes inthe gut microbiota. A Swiss roll-based crypt assay was used to quantify acute damage to the intestinal crypts to determine how tissue toxicitywas affectedbythe different temporal pulse structures ofFLASH delivery.
Results: We foundstatisticallysignificant improvements incrypt survival formice irradiatedwith FLASH at doses between 7.5 and12.5 Gy, with a dose modifyingfactorof 1.1 forFLASH (7.5 Gy, P < .01; 10 Gy, P < .05; 12.5 Gy, P < .01). This sparingeffect was lost whenthe deliverytime was increased, eitherbyincreasingthe numberof irradiationpulses orbyprolongingthe time between2 successive pulses. Sparingwas observedforaverage dose rates of ≥280 Gy/s. Fecal microbiome analysis showedthat FLASH irradiationcausedfewerchanges to the microbiota thanCONV irradiation.
Conclusions: This studydemonstrates that FLASH irradiationcanspare mouse small intestinal crypts andreduce changes in gut microbiome composition compared with CONV irradiation. The higher the average dose rate, the larger the FLASH effect,which is also influencedbytemporal pulse structure of the delivery.Ó 2021 ElsevierInc.All rights reserved.
AB - Purpose: Preclinical studies usingultra-high dose rate (FLASH) irradiationhave demonstratedreducednormal tissue toxicity comparedwith conventional dose rate (CONV) irradiation, although this findingis not universal. We investigatedthe effect of temporal pulse structure andaverage dose rate ofFLASH comparedwith CONV irradiationonacute intestinal toxicity.
Materials and Methods: Whole abdomens ofC3Hmice were irradiatedwith a single fractionto various doses,usinga 6MeV electronlinearacceleratorwith single pulse FLASH (dose rate = 2-6 £ 106 Gy/s) orconventional (CONV;0.25Gy/s) irradiation. At 3.75 days postirradiation, fresh feces were collectedfor16S rRNA sequencing to assess changes inthe gut microbiota. A Swiss roll-based crypt assay was used to quantify acute damage to the intestinal crypts to determine how tissue toxicitywas affectedbythe different temporal pulse structures ofFLASH delivery.
Results: We foundstatisticallysignificant improvements incrypt survival formice irradiatedwith FLASH at doses between 7.5 and12.5 Gy, with a dose modifyingfactorof 1.1 forFLASH (7.5 Gy, P < .01; 10 Gy, P < .05; 12.5 Gy, P < .01). This sparingeffect was lost whenthe deliverytime was increased, eitherbyincreasingthe numberof irradiationpulses orbyprolongingthe time between2 successive pulses. Sparingwas observedforaverage dose rates of ≥280 Gy/s. Fecal microbiome analysis showedthat FLASH irradiationcausedfewerchanges to the microbiota thanCONV irradiation.
Conclusions: This studydemonstrates that FLASH irradiationcanspare mouse small intestinal crypts andreduce changes in gut microbiome composition compared with CONV irradiation. The higher the average dose rate, the larger the FLASH effect,which is also influencedbytemporal pulse structure of the delivery.Ó 2021 ElsevierInc.All rights reserved.
KW - FLASH irradiation
KW - Gut microbiome
KW - Intestinal health
KW - Dysbiosis
UR - https://ecm.sckcen.be/OTCS/llisapi.dll/open/45837003
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.08.004
DO - 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.08.004
M3 - Article
SN - 0360-3016
VL - 111
SP - 1250
EP - 1261
JO - International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics
JF - International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics
IS - 5
ER -