Meta-analysis of extremotolerant microbes to address nutrient deficiencies in bioregenerative life support systems during Deep-space Missions

Ensuring adequate nutrition is essential for long-duration space missions where Earth resupply is limited or unfeasible. Bioregenerative Life Support Systems (BLSS), such as ESA’s MELiSSA, aim to sustain astronauts by recycling resources and cultivating crops. However, plant-based diets in BLSS may lack key micronutrients. This study identified nutritional gaps in crop-based BLSS diets, revealing deficiencies in several micronutrients, including cobalamin (vit B₁₂), riboflavin (vit B₂), and calciferol (vit D). We screened microorganisms for genomic potential to produce these micronutrients and filtered candidates based on inclusion in the EFSA Qualified Presumption of Safety and Novel Food lists. Organisms were prioritized based on biosynthetic capability and robustness. The result is a ranked list of microbial candidates capable of addressing nutritional deficiencies in BLSS diets. These findings support the integration of resilient, nutrient-producing microbes into space food systems, offering a strategic path toward self-sufficient and health-supportive nutrition for future deep space missions.