Multi-scale modelling of irradiation effects in nuclear power plant materials

This chapter surveys the computer-based multiscale modelling approaches currently being used to develop physical models of the effects of radiation on nuclear materials. The focus is on the problem of radiation-induced hardening (and embrittlement) in steels, limited to the scales ranging from the nucleus to the single-crystal. First, the multiscale nature of radiation effects is illustrated, including examples of microstructural and mechanical property changes observed in steels used in nuclear reactors. Then the chapter discusses the fundamental ideas upon which the multiscale modelling approach is based. Next, an overview of the techniques of use in a multiscale modelling framework is given, with an example of how these can be integrated. A discussion of the state-of-the-art and other general remarks conclude the chapter.