TY - JOUR
T1 - Neutron irradiation hardening across ITER diverter tungsten armor
AU - Terentyev, Dmitry
AU - Yin, Chao
AU - Dubinko, Andrii
AU - Chang, Chih-Cheng
AU - You, J.-H.
N1 - Score=10
PY - 2021/2/1
Y1 - 2021/2/1
N2 - In this work, we have performed neutron irradiation and sub-sequent hardness measurements on a series of
tungsten grades to screen the irradiation-induced hardness as a function of irradiation temperature reaching up
to 1200 ◦C. The selected irradiation temperatures were chosen by performing temperature analysis of the expected
irradiation temperature on tungsten monoblock during the steady state operation in ITER, where 1200 ◦C
corresponds to the surface temperature at 10 MW/m2 flux density expected during normal operational conditions.
The applied neutron fluence and flux (using BR2 material test reactor, up to 1 dpa) is representative of
ITER irradiation conditions except the neutron spectrum. However, the measures were taken to reduce the
thermal neutron flux to limit the transmutation closer to the fusion conditions. The irradiation-induced hardness
measured in single crystal after irradiation at 600–800 ◦C agrees very well with the earlier data reported after
HFIR irradiation experiments. The new irradiation data obtained in the temperature range 900–1200 ◦C show
that even at one third melting point the neutron exposure raises the hardness by 40% to 70%, depending on the
selected grade. Screening measurements by transmission electron microscopy, applied to clarify the origin of the
hardening at 1200 ◦C, have proven the presence of the dislocation loops and high density of voids. The presence
of those defects should imply the reduction of thermal conductivity, fracture toughness as well as alteration of
hydrogen isotope permeation and trapping.
AB - In this work, we have performed neutron irradiation and sub-sequent hardness measurements on a series of
tungsten grades to screen the irradiation-induced hardness as a function of irradiation temperature reaching up
to 1200 ◦C. The selected irradiation temperatures were chosen by performing temperature analysis of the expected
irradiation temperature on tungsten monoblock during the steady state operation in ITER, where 1200 ◦C
corresponds to the surface temperature at 10 MW/m2 flux density expected during normal operational conditions.
The applied neutron fluence and flux (using BR2 material test reactor, up to 1 dpa) is representative of
ITER irradiation conditions except the neutron spectrum. However, the measures were taken to reduce the
thermal neutron flux to limit the transmutation closer to the fusion conditions. The irradiation-induced hardness
measured in single crystal after irradiation at 600–800 ◦C agrees very well with the earlier data reported after
HFIR irradiation experiments. The new irradiation data obtained in the temperature range 900–1200 ◦C show
that even at one third melting point the neutron exposure raises the hardness by 40% to 70%, depending on the
selected grade. Screening measurements by transmission electron microscopy, applied to clarify the origin of the
hardening at 1200 ◦C, have proven the presence of the dislocation loops and high density of voids. The presence
of those defects should imply the reduction of thermal conductivity, fracture toughness as well as alteration of
hydrogen isotope permeation and trapping.
KW - Tungsten
KW - Neutron irradiation
KW - ITER
UR - https://ecm.sckcen.be/OTCS/llisapi.dll/open/42228433
U2 - 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2020.105437
DO - 10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2020.105437
M3 - Article
SN - 0263-4368
VL - 95
SP - 1
EP - 11
JO - International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials
JF - International Journal of Refractory Metals & Hard Materials
M1 - 105437
ER -