Position sensing in nuclear remote operation

The state-of-the-art in radiation-tolerant position sensing systems is reviewed. Linear/angular encoders, as well as non-contact sensors are first considered, followed by more complex sensors, such as 3D cameras and laser systems. Finally, tactile/force perception is briefly presented. For each type, particular constraints are discussed and availability of hardened solutions presented. The discussion involves also specific sensing set-ups developed at SCK/CEN-Mol suitable for nuclear applications.