Proposal for new best estimates for the soil solid–liquid distribution coefficient and soil-to-plant transfer of nickel

The objective of this study was to compile data, based on an extensive literature survey, for the soil solid–liquid distribution coefficient (Kd) and soil-to-plant transfer factor (TF) for nickel. The Kd best estimates were calculated for soils grouped according to texture and organic matter content (sand, loam, clay and organic) and soil cofactors affecting soil–nickel interaction, such as pH, organic matter, and clay content. Variability in Kd was better explained by pH than by soil texture. Nickel TF estimates were presented for major crop groups (cereals, leafy vegetables, non-leafy vegetables, root crops, tubers, fruits, herbs, pastures/grasses and fodder), and also for plant compartments within crop groups. Transfer factors were also calculated per soil group, as defined by their texture and organic matter content. Furthermore an evaluation of transfer factor dependency on specific soil characteristics was performed following regression analysis. The derived estimates were compared with parameter estimates currently in use.