Spallation yields of neutrons produced in thick lead/bismuth targets by protons at incident energies of 420 and 590 MeV

K. Van der Meer; M. B. Goldberg; E. H. Lehmann; H. Ät Abderrahim; D. Bar; D. Berkovits; M. Daum; S. Dekelver; Y. Foucher; J. Gerber; F. Van Gestel; W. Hajdas; H. P. Linder; E. Malambu; I. Mardor; J. Oeyen; D. Saphier; Asher Shor; M. Willekens; Y. Yariv

doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2003.10.009

Spallation yields of neutrons produced in thick lead/bismuth targets by protons at incident energies of 420 and 590 MeV

K. Van der Meer
, M. B. Goldberg
, E. H. Lehmann
, H. Ät Abderrahim
, D. Bar
, D. Berkovits
, M. Daum
, S. Dekelver
, Y. Foucher
, J. Gerber
, F. Van Gestel
, W. Hajdas
, H. P. Linder
, E. Malambu
, I. Mardor
, J. Oeyen
, D. Saphier
, Asher Shor
, M. Willekens
, Y. Yariv

Research output › peer-review

Abstract

Spallation-neutron yields for protons at E_p=420 and 590 MeV incident on thick Pb/Bi targets have been measured via activation analysis of Au and Mn foils at the PSI proton irradiation facility. The data were obtained with the water-bath method, in a novel variant that incorporates a detailed MCNPX simulation in the analysis procedure. They include slow-neutron fluence distributions at E_p=300, 420 and 590 MeV, Cd-ratio distributions at E_p=300 MeV and total n/p values of 6.0±0.3 and 9.6±0.4 at 420 and 590 MeV, respectively. The latter are in line with neutron-yield systematics for protons on thick Pb-targets, which are found to vary with remarkable regularity over a broad range of incident energies. The results of the present work, along with those obtained recently by various groups on thin and thick-target neutron spectra, neutron-multiplicities and the radio-nuclide inventory produced, constitute a database pertinent to the design and optimization of new, high-intensity spallation-neutron sources at these proton energies.

Original language	English
Pages (from-to)	202-220
Number of pages	19
Journal	Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms
Volume	217
Issue number	2
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2003.10.009
State	Published - Apr 2004

ASJC Scopus subject areas

Nuclear and High Energy Physics
Instrumentation

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Cite this

Van der Meer, K., Goldberg, M. B., Lehmann, E. H., Ät Abderrahim, H., Bar, D., Berkovits, D., Daum, M., Dekelver, S., Foucher, Y., Gerber, J., Van Gestel, F., Hajdas, W., Linder, H. P., Malambu, E., Mardor, I., Oeyen, J., Saphier, D., Shor, A., Willekens, M., & Yariv, Y. (2004). Spallation yields of neutrons produced in thick lead/bismuth targets by protons at incident energies of 420 and 590 MeV. Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, 217(2), 202-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2003.10.009

@article{7f159e6a642d44abbc3014953b0f80f1,

title = "Spallation yields of neutrons produced in thick lead/bismuth targets by protons at incident energies of 420 and 590 MeV",

abstract = "Spallation-neutron yields for protons at Ep=420 and 590 MeV incident on thick Pb/Bi targets have been measured via activation analysis of Au and Mn foils at the PSI proton irradiation facility. The data were obtained with the water-bath method, in a novel variant that incorporates a detailed MCNPX simulation in the analysis procedure. They include slow-neutron fluence distributions at Ep=300, 420 and 590 MeV, Cd-ratio distributions at Ep=300 MeV and total n/p values of 6.0±0.3 and 9.6±0.4 at 420 and 590 MeV, respectively. The latter are in line with neutron-yield systematics for protons on thick Pb-targets, which are found to vary with remarkable regularity over a broad range of incident energies. The results of the present work, along with those obtained recently by various groups on thin and thick-target neutron spectra, neutron-multiplicities and the radio-nuclide inventory produced, constitute a database pertinent to the design and optimization of new, high-intensity spallation-neutron sources at these proton energies.",

keywords = "Spallation yields, Neutrons, Lead/bismuth, 420 MeV, 590 MeV",

author = "\{Van der Meer\}, K. and Goldberg, \{M. B.\} and Lehmann, \{E. H.\} and \{{\"A}t Abderrahim\}, H. and D. Bar and D. Berkovits and M. Daum and S. Dekelver and Y. Foucher and J. Gerber and \{Van Gestel\}, F. and W. Hajdas and Linder, \{H. P.\} and E. Malambu and I. Mardor and J. Oeyen and D. Saphier and Asher Shor and M. Willekens and Y. Yariv",

year = "2004",

month = apr,

doi = "10.1016/j.nimb.2003.10.009",

language = "English",

volume = "217",

pages = "202--220",

journal = "Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms",

issn = "0168-583X",

publisher = "Elsevier B.V.",

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Van der Meer, K, Goldberg, MB, Lehmann, EH, Ät Abderrahim, H, Bar, D, Berkovits, D, Daum, M, Dekelver, S, Foucher, Y, Gerber, J, Van Gestel, F, Hajdas, W, Linder, HP, Malambu, E, Mardor, I, Oeyen, J, Saphier, D, Shor, A, Willekens, M & Yariv, Y 2004, 'Spallation yields of neutrons produced in thick lead/bismuth targets by protons at incident energies of 420 and 590 MeV', Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol. 217, no. 2, pp. 202-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nimb.2003.10.009

TY - JOUR

T1 - Spallation yields of neutrons produced in thick lead/bismuth targets by protons at incident energies of 420 and 590 MeV

AU - Van der Meer, K.

AU - Goldberg, M. B.

AU - Lehmann, E. H.

AU - Ät Abderrahim, H.

AU - Bar, D.

AU - Berkovits, D.

AU - Daum, M.

AU - Dekelver, S.

AU - Foucher, Y.

AU - Gerber, J.

AU - Van Gestel, F.

AU - Hajdas, W.

AU - Linder, H. P.

AU - Malambu, E.

AU - Mardor, I.

AU - Oeyen, J.

AU - Saphier, D.

AU - Shor, Asher

AU - Willekens, M.

AU - Yariv, Y.

PY - 2004/4

Y1 - 2004/4

N2 - Spallation-neutron yields for protons at Ep=420 and 590 MeV incident on thick Pb/Bi targets have been measured via activation analysis of Au and Mn foils at the PSI proton irradiation facility. The data were obtained with the water-bath method, in a novel variant that incorporates a detailed MCNPX simulation in the analysis procedure. They include slow-neutron fluence distributions at Ep=300, 420 and 590 MeV, Cd-ratio distributions at Ep=300 MeV and total n/p values of 6.0±0.3 and 9.6±0.4 at 420 and 590 MeV, respectively. The latter are in line with neutron-yield systematics for protons on thick Pb-targets, which are found to vary with remarkable regularity over a broad range of incident energies. The results of the present work, along with those obtained recently by various groups on thin and thick-target neutron spectra, neutron-multiplicities and the radio-nuclide inventory produced, constitute a database pertinent to the design and optimization of new, high-intensity spallation-neutron sources at these proton energies.

AB - Spallation-neutron yields for protons at Ep=420 and 590 MeV incident on thick Pb/Bi targets have been measured via activation analysis of Au and Mn foils at the PSI proton irradiation facility. The data were obtained with the water-bath method, in a novel variant that incorporates a detailed MCNPX simulation in the analysis procedure. They include slow-neutron fluence distributions at Ep=300, 420 and 590 MeV, Cd-ratio distributions at Ep=300 MeV and total n/p values of 6.0±0.3 and 9.6±0.4 at 420 and 590 MeV, respectively. The latter are in line with neutron-yield systematics for protons on thick Pb-targets, which are found to vary with remarkable regularity over a broad range of incident energies. The results of the present work, along with those obtained recently by various groups on thin and thick-target neutron spectra, neutron-multiplicities and the radio-nuclide inventory produced, constitute a database pertinent to the design and optimization of new, high-intensity spallation-neutron sources at these proton energies.

KW - Spallation yields

KW - Neutrons

KW - Lead/bismuth

KW - 420 MeV

KW - 590 MeV

UR - http://ecm.sckcen.be/OTCS/llisapi.dll/open/axs_1147485

U2 - 10.1016/j.nimb.2003.10.009

DO - 10.1016/j.nimb.2003.10.009

M3 - Article

SN - 0168-583X

VL - 217

SP - 202

EP - 220

JO - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms

JF - Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms

IS - 2

ER -