What futures for transdisciplinarity in nuclear RD?

The complexity of nuclear risk governance inherently calls for approaches integrating multiple disciplines and knowledges. In this chapter we reflect on transdisciplinarity, as a paradigm that embraces this complexity, and describe examples of potential venues that have supported - or have the potential to support - nuclear research, policy and practice to become self-reflexive and transdisciplinary. These venues are rather diverse, located in policies and projects, research teams and networks, partnerships with civil society actors and citizen science initiatives. While they share several challenges and potential benefits regarding transdisciplinarity with wider fields, each venue also attends to specific contexts with their own limitations and possibilities for transdisciplinary research. We conclude that transdisciplinarity in nuclear research and development (R&D) depends not only on the willingness of the scientific community, stakeholders, citizens and policy makers to engage in a dialogue, but also on a reform of research and education that supports transdisciplinarity and welcomes the use of co-produced knowledge to address current societal challenges.